(B) | 1. | Åã¼v¾¯µÇ¯fÅÜ(contrast nephropathy)¤§¤Þµo¥Dn»P¦óºØ¤¶½è(mediator)¦³Ãö¡H |
A. | µÇ¤W¸¢¥Ö½èîÇà¬(aldosterone) |
B. | ¤º¥Ö¯À(endothelin) |
C. | «e¦C¸¢¯À(prostaglandin) |
D. | ¦åºÞ¦¬ÁY¯À(vasopressin) |
E. | ¤ß©Ð§Q¶uÐ`úT(atrial natriuretic peptide) |
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(C) | 2. | ¥»ºA©Ê²V¦X«¬§N¾®²y³J¥Õ¯g(essential mixed cryoglobulinemia)»P¨º¤@ºØ·P¬V¦³Ãö¡H |
A. | B«¬¨xª¢ |
B. | A«¬¨xª¢ |
C. | C«¬¨xª¢ |
D. | ¥þ³¡¦³Ãö |
E. | »P¨xª¢µLÃö |
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(E) | 3. | ¤U¦C¦óªÌ¤£·|³y¦¨²Ä4«¬(type IV)µÇ¤pºÞ»Ä¤Æ¯g(renal tubular acidosis)¡H |
A. | ¿}§¿¯fµÇ¯fÅÜ |
B. | «DÃþ©T¾J§Üµoª¢¾¯ (NSAIDs) |
C. | ºC©ÊµÇ¤pºÞ¶¡½è©ÊµÇ¯fÅÜ(chronic tubulointerstitial nephropathy) |
D. | ¥H¤W¬Ò¬O |
E. | ¥H¤W¬Ò«D |
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(C) | 4. | 30·³¨k©Ê¡AÅéÀˮɶWµªiµo²{¦b¥ªµÇ¦³¤@2 x 2¤½¤À¤§¤pªw(cyst)¡A¸Ó¤pªw¨ÃµL¤º³¡¦^µ(internal echo)¡AÃä½t(border)¤]¥·Æ¡A¶Ç¾É«×(transmission)¨}¦n¡A¬Ý¦ü¤@Ó³æ¯Â©Ê¤ôªw(simple cyst)¡A¯f¤HµL¯gª¬¡A¥çµL¦å§¿¡A±z¥H¬°¸Ó¦p¦ó³B²z¡H |
A. | ¶i¤@¨B°µ¹q¸£Â_¼h(CT scan) |
B. | ©â¤ôªw(cyst puncture)¥h°µÀˬd |
C. | ³W«h©Ê¦a¦A°lÂܶWµªi |
D. | ¶}¤M®³±¼ |
E. | ¦åºÞÄá¼v |
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(A) | 5. | §Ü§Q§¿²üº¸»X¤Àªc¤£·í¯gÔ¸s(SIADH)¯f¤H¤§§¿¶u±Æªn¶q¡A³q±`¬°¤U¦C¨º¤@¶µ¡H |
A. | »P¨C¤é¶uÄá¨ú¶q¬Ûµ¥ |
B. | §C©ó¨C¤é¶uÄá¨ú¶q |
C. | °ª©ó¨C¤é¶uÄá¨ú¶q |
D. | §C©ó20 mmol/¤Ñ |
E. | ¤£¤@©w |
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(D) | 6. | ¦b Henoch-Schonlein ¤óµµ´³¯g(purpura)¡AµÇŦ¯f²z¤Á¤ù³Ì±`µo²{ªº¨H¿n¡A¬°¦óºØ§K¬Ì²y³J¥Õ¡H |
A. | IgE |
B. | IgG |
C. | IgM |
D. | IgA |
E. | ¥H¤W¥þ¬O |
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(D) | 7. | ¦b¹w¨¾©ÎªvÀø«æ©Ê§¿»ÄµÇ¯fÅÜ(acute uric acid nephropathy)®É¡A¨º¤@¶µ¨Ã¤£¾A·í¡H |
A. | ¸É¥R¤ô¥÷(hydration) |
B. | µ¹¤©allopurinol |
C. | ¨Ï¥Îfurosemide |
D. | ¨Ï¥Î´â¤Æ¶t(calcium chloride) |
E. | ¨Ï¥Îacetazolamide |
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(D) | 8. | ¹ï©ó¯T½HµÇª¢(lupus nephritis)¤§µÇ¥ÍÀË(renal biopsy)µo²{¬°²Ä4¯Å(class IV)¤§¼W¥Í«¬µÇª¢(proliferating nephritis)®É¡A³Ì¾A·í¤§ªvÀø¬°¨º¤@¶µ¡H |
A. | «DÃþ©T¾J§Üµoª¢¾¯(NSAIDs) |
B. | §ÜºÄ¯eÃÄ(anti-malarial agents) |
C. | ¦å¼ß¥æ´«³N(plasma exchange) |
D. | Ãþ©T¾J(steroids)©Î/¤Î(and/or)²ÓM§í¨î¾¯(cytotoxic agents) |
E. | Æ[¹î´N¥i |
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(E) | 9. | ¤U¦C¦óªÌ¤£¬O¤Þ°_µÇ«e¦]©Ê´á¦å¯g(prerenal azotemia)¤§ì¦]¡H |
A. | ¿N¶Ë(burns) |
B. | °ª¦å¶t¯g(hypercalcemia) |
C. | ¨xµÇ¯gÔ¸s(hepatorenal syndrome) |
D. | °ª¦åÖ߸Y«×¯gÔ¸s(hyperviscosity syndrome) |
E. | ·»¦å©Ê§¿¬r¯gÔ¸s(hemolytic uremic syndrome) |
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(D) | 10. | ¨º¨Ç±¡ªp¦å¼ß¤¤³±Â÷¤l»Ø(anion gap)·|¼W¥[¡H1. ¥¼³y¦¨¥ð§J¤§¸¡Âm(diarrhea)2. ଻Ħå¯g(ketoacidosis)3. µÇ¤pºÞ»Ä¤Æ¯g(renal tubular acidosis)4. ¥Ò¾J¤¤¬r(methanol intoxication)5. ¨Ï¥Î´â¤Æ¶t(calcium chloride) |
A. | 1, 2, 3 |
B. | 2, 3, 4 |
C. | 3, 5 |
D. | 2, 4 |
E. | 4, 5 |
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(C) | 11. | ¤U¦C¨º¤@²Õ¬O³y¦¨§C¦å¹[¯g(hypokalemia)ªº¥¿½Tì¦]¡H1. ¥NÁ©ÊÆP¦å¯g(metabolic alkalosis)2. §C¥Ö½èîÇଯg(hypoaldosteronism)3. ¸¡Âm(diarrhea)4. ¨Ï¥Î¦åºÞ±i¤O¯ÀÂà´«úC§í¨î¾¯(ACE inhibitors)5. ¨Ï¥Î«DÃþ©T¾J§Üµoª¢¾¯(NSAIDs) |
A. | 1, 2 |
B. | 1, 4, 5 |
C. | 1, 3 |
D. | 2, 3 |
E. | 2, 4, 5 |
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(C) | 12. | ¤U¦C¦³Ãö¦¨¤H«¬¦hÅnµÇ(polycystic kidney disease)ªº±Ôz¦óªÌ¦³»~¡H |
A. | ¤@¯ëµÇ¥\¯à·|«ùÄò´c¤Æ¡A¤j¬ù60·³®É¦³50%ªº¯f¤H¦³µÇ°IºÜ±¡§Î |
B. | §¿¹D·P¬V¬°±`¨£ªº¨Öµo¯g |
C. | ©Ò¦³ªº§Ü¥Í¯À(antibiotics)³£¥i¬ï³z¦ÜÅn(cyst)¤¤ªvÀø¨ä¤º·P¬V |
D. | ¦³¥|¤À¤§¤@ªº¯f¤H¥i¯à¦³¤G¦yä²æ««(mitral valve prolapse)ªº²{¶H |
E. | ±`¸û¨ä¥L¦Pµ¥µÇ°IºÜªº¯f¤H¦³¸û°ªªº¦å¤ñ®e(Hct)¡A¦]¬°¨ä¬õ¦å²y¥Í¦¨¯À(erythropoietin)¥Í²£¸û°ª |
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(B) | 13. | ¤U¦C¦³ÃöµÇ¨ÅÀYÃa¦º(papillary necrosis)¤§±Ôz¡A¦óªÌ¦³»~¡H |
A. | ±`µo¥Í¦b¿}§¿¯f±wªÌ |
B. | ±`¬°gentamicinµÇ¬r©Êªº¨Öµo¯g |
C. | ¯f¤H±`¨£ªº¯gª¬¬°µo¿N¡B¦å§¿¤Î¸yµh(loin pain) |
D. | ¦³¥i¯à»¤µo«æ©ÊµÇ°IºÜ |
E. | ±`µo¥Í¦b¨â°¼µÇŦ |
|
(E) | 14. | ¦³Ãö¥¥°ü¡A¤U¦C±Ôz¦óªÌ¬°«D¡H |
A. | ©Ò¦³ªº¥¥°ü¦b§³®W²Ä¤@´Á³£n°µ²Óµß§¿(bacteriuria)ªº¿zÀË |
B. | ¥¿±`¥¥°ü§¿³J¥Õªº±Æ¥X¡A³q±`¤£¶W¹L200 mg/day |
C. | ±µ¨ü³zªRªvÀøªº°ü¤k¡A¦³®É¤]¥i¯à¨ü¥¥ |
D. | ªA¥ÎÀôÌUÆF(cyclosporine)¤£¼vÅT§³®W |
E. | §³®W¹ï²¾´ÓµÇ(renal allograft)¦³«Ü¤jªº·l®` |
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(A) | 15. | ¤U¦C¦óªÌ¸û¤£·|¾ÉP§C¶t¦å¯g(hypocalcemia)¡H |
A. | ªA¥Î§Q§¿¾¯(thiazide) |
B. | °Æ¥Òª¬¸¢§C¤U¯g(hypoparathyroidism) |
C. | §CÁâ¦å¯g(hypomagnesemia) |
D. | ºC©ÊµÇ°IºÜ |
E. | Vitamin D¯Ê¥F¯g |
|
(D) | 16. | Ãö©ó amphotericin B ¤§µÇ¬r©Ê¡A¤U¦C¦óªÌ¸û¤£±`¨£¡H |
A. | Metabolic acidosis |
B. | Hypokalemia |
C. | Hypomagnesemia |
D. | Hypercalcemia |
E. | Acute renal failure |
|
(D) | 17. | ¦³Ãö°ªÁâ¦å¯g(hypermagnesemia)ªºÁ{§Éªí¼x¡A¤U¦C¦óªÌ¬°«D¡H |
A. | Decreased deep tendon reflexes |
B. | Respiratory depression (hypoventilation) |
C. | Bradycardia |
D. | Positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs |
E. | Muscular weakness |
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(A) | 18. | ¦³Ãö§C¶u¦å¯g(hyponatremia)¡A¤U¦C¦óªÌ¬°«D¡H |
A. | §C¶u¦å¯g¥Dn¬O¦]Å餺¶u¬y¥¢¦Ó³y¦¨ |
B. | §C¶u¦å¯g¬OÁ{§É¤W¹q¸Ñ½è»Ùê¡A³Ì±`¹J¨ìªº¤@ºØ |
C. | ¦³§C¶u¦å¯gªº¯f¤H¥i¯à¦³äú¤ß¡B¹Ã¦R¥H¤Î©âÝzªº¯gª¬ |
D. | SIADH(syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)·|¾ÉP§C¶u¦å¯g |
E. | ¦pµ¹¦³§C¶u¦å¯g¯f¤HÀR¯ßª`®g3% saline¡A¸Ó¯f¤Hªº²ÓM¤º²G(intracellular fluid)ªº®e¶q·|´î¤Ö |
|
(D) | 19. | ªvÀø«¯g¦ÙµL¤O¯g(myasthenic crisis)¡A¤U¦C¦óºØ¤èªk¸û¦³§U©ó´_ì¡H |
A. | ¸¡½¤³zªR(CAPD) |
B. | ¦å²G³zªR(Hemodialysis) |
C. | ¦å²G¹LÂo³N(Hemofiltration) |
D. | ¦å¼ß¤ÀÂ÷³N(Plasmapheresis) |
E. | ¦å²GÄé¬y³N(Hemoperfusion) |
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(C) | 20. | ¤U¦C¦UºØ¦å²M§K¬ÌÀˬd¹ï©óGoodpasture's syndrome³Ì¨ã¦³¶EÂ_©Ê¡H |
A. | Cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (C-ANCA) |
B. | Antistreptolysin O (ASO) antibody titer |
C. | Antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (Anti-GBM) |
D. | Antinuclear antibody (ANA) |
E. | Anti-HCV antibody |
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(E) | 21. | ¤U¦C¦óªÌ±`¨Ö¦³§C§¿»Ä¦å¯g(hypouricemia)¡H1. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)2. Fanconi's syndrome3. Diuretics (thiazide) use4. Lead intoxication5. Xanthine oxidase deficiency syndrome |
A. | 1, 3, 5 |
B. | 2, 4, 5 |
C. | 1, 2, 3 |
D. | 2, 3, 4 |
E. | 1, 2, 5 |
|
(D) | 22. | ¤U¦C¦óªÌ¤£¬O¤Þ°_ÆP¦å¯g(metabolic alkalosis)¦X¨Ö§C¹[¦å¯g(hypokalemia)ªºì¦]¡H1. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors use2. Licorice (¥Ì¯ó) abuse3. Bartter's syndrome4. Laxatives (abused)5. Liddle's syndrome |
A. | 1, 3 |
B. | 1, 3, 5 |
C. | 2, 4 |
D. | 1, 4 |
E. | 2, 3, 4 |
|